Western Reserve College. A flourishing and important school of technology is the Case School of Applied Science, founded in 1881 and endowed in 1887 with $2,000,000 by Leonard Case. Here also are St. Ignatius College (R.C.) and St. Mary's Theological Seminary (R.C.).
Cleveland is a very important manufacturing city, being first among the lake-ports in iron and steel shipbuilding and one of the foremost in the country in the manufacture of iron and steel and their products. Among its manufactures are rails, car-wheels, engines, boilers, cranes for unloading vessels, printing-presses, sewing-machines, oil and gas-stoves, electrical apparatus, etc. Optical instruments and other specialties requiring scientific skill are made here in a great variety. Meat-packing also is a leading industry, and the manufacture of men's and women's clothing, liquors, paints, chemicals, automobiles and oil-refining.
Cleveland was laid out in 1796 by Moses Cleaveland, and incorporated in 1836. The village bore his name and its spelling. This, however, from time to time changed, but the present spelling became permanent, it is said, in 1831, because the “a” made the word a misfit in the head-line of a newspaper. In a measure the growth and prosperity of the city are due to its having coal and limestone near by, with which to work the Iron-ore of Lake Superior. Population, 560,663.
Cliff-Dwellers. See Pueblos.
Clingman, Thomas Lanier, United States senator and Confederate officer, was born in North Carolina in 1812, and died at Raleigh, N. C., Nov. 4, 1897. After graduating, he studied law, and was a member of Congress from 1843 to 1858, taking a prominent part in the debates of the house. Originally a Whig, he deserted his old associates and became a Democrat, and in 1858 was elected to the senate. In 1861, when the Civil War broke out, he withdrew from the senate and entered the Confederate army, where be became brigadier-general, surrendering in April, 1865, with General J. E. Johnston. After the war General Clingman for many years devoted himself to mining and to scientific pursuits.
Clinostat, an apparatus for rotating plants in various planes to counteract the effect of a one-sided stimulus, such as light or gravity (see Irritability). It consists of a strong clock-work, with suitable regulating mechanism and devices for holding the pots in which the plants are grown.
Clinton, Iowa, a rapidly growing city, capital of Clinton County, Iowa, is situated on the Mississippi River between Davenport and Dubuque, and 140 miles by rail west of Chicago. It has communications with all points by a number of railroads, by steamboat-navigation on the river, and a fine bridge across the Mississippi connects it with Illinois and the east. It possesses many thriving industries, embracing foundries, machine and car-shops, paper-mills, sash, door and blind-factories, furniture-factories, wagon-factory, wire-cloth factory and glucose-factory. Population, 25,577.
Clinton, Mass., a town of Worcester County, 12 miles from Worcester, on the Nashua River. It has several churches, a hospital and The Bigelow Free Public Library of 25,000 volumes. Located here are the Bigelow Carpet Co., the Lancaster Mills and the Clinton Wire-Cloth Co. Clinton has the service of the New York, New Haven and Hartford and the Boston and Maine railroad. Population 13,301.
Clin′ton, De Witt, was born at Little Britain, N. Y., March 2, 1769. He was a son of Gen. James Clinton and a nephew of Gov. George Clinton. He graduated at Columbia College, and after studying law he entered politics as a Republican member of the lower house of the New York legislature in 1797, where he soon became the leader of his party in the state. He was chosen United States senator in 1802, and was at this time regarded as “the most rising man in the Union.” But he left the senate to become mayor of New York city, an office of considerable power in those days, which he held for 11 years. On the question of war with England, he competed for the presidency with Madison, receiving 89 votes. He was elected governor of New York four times. His greatest service to the state was in urging the construction of the Erie Canal, and pushing the measure assiduously till he saw that great enterprise completed and the canal open for traffic. Clinton was dignified in manner, of fine personal appearance, deeply in earnest in all he undertook, energetic, capable and popular. His life-work is identified with the early growth of the state. He died at Albany, N. Y., Feb. 11, 1828.
Clinton, George, one of the prominent men of the Revolution, was born in Ulster County, New York, July 26, 1739. He had a careful schooling at home. As lieutenant of militia, he took part in the expedition against Fort Frontenac (Kingston), Canada. He entered law, but was chosen a member of the colonial assembly, where he soon became the head of the Whig party. In 1775 he became a member of the Continental Congress and voted for the Declaration of Independence; subsequently he was appointed brigadier-general. He was soon after chosen governor of New York, and was re-elected six times in succession. In the Revolutionary War it was due to him that communication was hindered between the British in Canada and those in
