stood, holding the light of pre-emption at least over Delagoa Bay and its fore-shore, which have become valuable since the acquisition of the Boer republics.
Deland′, Margaret, American novelist was born at Alleghany, Pa., Feb. 23, 1857, and was educated at Pelham Priory, New Rochelle, N. Y. In 1880 she married and settled in Boston, Mass. Her first volume was one in verse, entitled The Old Garden. John Ward, Preacher, her earliest novel, made a hit by its vigor and keenness in tracing the influence of certain doctrinal beliefs current in church-circles and supposed to be a part of Christianity. This was followed, among others, by The Story of a Child; Philip and his Wife, The Common Way; Old Chester Tales;
Delaroche (de-lȧ′rṓsh′), Hippolyte, known as Paul, a French painter, was born at Paris, July 16, 1797. He first came into notice in 1824 by his pictures, St. Vincent de Paul Preaching in the Presence of Louis XIII and Joan of Arc before Cardinal Beaufort. Among his other paintings are The Princes in the Tower and Cromwell Contemplating the Corpse of Charles I, which is held to be one of the first historical paintings of modern times. Perhaps his greatest work is the series of paintings on the wall of the semicircular saloon of the École des Beaux Arts (School of Fine Arts). The painting comprises 74 figures, among them the greatest painters, sculptors and architects in all history. Delaroche died at Paris, Nov. 4, 1856.
Del′aware Bay separates New Jersey and Delaware. Where it flows by Cape May and Cape Henlopen and joins the Atlantic, it is 15 miles broad, It is about 60 miles in length, to the entrance of Delaware River, and its greatest breadth is from 25 to 30 miles. The main channel is from 35 to 75 feet deep, and the largest vessels can sail to Philadelphia. A large breakwater, built by the government at Cape Henlopen, affords a safe harbor.
Delaware, Ohio, a city, the seat of Delaware County, on the Whetstone River and on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis, the Columbus, Sandusky & Hocking and other railroads, 23 miles north of Columbus. It was incorporated in 1827, and in 1844 became the seat of the Ohio Wesleyan University of the Methodist Episcopal body. It has good churches, schools and a public library, and is noted for its mineral springs, which have remarkable medicinal properties. Its industries, besides railroad repair-shops, embrace foundries and clay-works, manufactures of chairs, carriages, gloves, woolens, flour, lumber and building-material. Population, 9,076.
Del′aware River is formed by the junction, on the boundary line of New York and Pennsylvania, of two small streams which flow from the Catskills. It separates those states till it reaches Kittatinny Mountain, about 70 miles distant, where it turns sharply southwest and separates Pennsylvania from New Jersey. Soon it passes through Delaware Water Gap, a gorge whose banks are rocks 1,000 and 1,200 feet high on either side. Easton and Trenton are passed, and tide-water is met 132 miles from the sea. Philadelphia is the head of navigation for the largest vessels. Just across the mile-wide channel is Camden. Forty miles below Philadelphia the river empties into Delaware Bay, after a course of 300 miles. The chief branches are the Lehigh and the Schuylkill. The river is connected with the Hudson by the Delaware and Hudson and Morris and Essex Canals.
Delaware, State of. This is the smallest state of the Union, except Rhode Island, being 93 miles long and from 9 to 38 broad, and covers 1,960 square miles. It lies between Delaware Bay and Maryland.
Surface. The most elevated ground in the state is behind Wilmington, and it forms the divide between Brandywine and Christiana Creeks. A fine rolling country is found in the extreme north where the Pennsylvania upland enters. A ridge which runs northwest and southeast through the state forms the watershed of Delaware and Chesapeake Bays, but follows the Atlantic coast-line. The rivers are small, but some are navigable.
Fisheries. The well-known Cypress-swamp, 50,000 acres in extent, is filled with game, and its salty inlets abound in the finest fish and oysters.
Climate. Delaware has a range of temperature between the severe extremes of New England and the heat of the south.
Agriculture. Products in the northern section consist of cereals, hay, wheat, corn, oats and sorghum; while the central and southern portion of the state is noted for its dairy-products as well as for its berries, grapes, melons, tomatoes—raised and canned—and especially its peaches. Some 10,000 carloads of peaches are shipped out yearly, besides the quantities sent by water or used in canneries and evaporating works.
Manufactures. The clays and kaolins of Wilmington are made into brick, terracotta and crockery. The shipyards, car-shops, powder-mills and bridge-works of Wilmington add largely to the other industries of the state. Chief among these are the manufacture of pumping and mining-apparatus, paper-making machinery and leather-goods, especially morocco.
Education. Delaware has good, public schools, furnishes free text-books and maintains separate schools for its colored population and a state agricultural college for them at Dover. There are 14 acade-
