Fear and Yadkin Valley and the Southern railroad. Considerable tobacco, corn, wheat, oats and fruit are raised in the vicinity, and there are some copper, iron and even gold found in the region. It also has blast furnaces for the manufacture of Bessemer steel, and has a number of brick, tile, terracotta and casting manufactories, cotton mills and several agricultural machine shops. It is the seat of the State Normal and Industrial College, Guilford College, Bennett College for colored youth and Greensboro College for girls. Population 15,895.
Green′ville, S. C., the capital of Greenville County, northwestern South Carolina, on the Reedy River and near the region of the Blue Ridge Mountains, which give it a desirable and pleasant location. It is the seat of Furman University, Greenville Female College and a theological school, all under Baptist direction, besides a military institute, a business college and Chicora Female College (Presbyterian). It has considerable manufactures, including cotton-mills, wagon and carriage factories, flour-mills, iron-works, etc. Population 15,741.
Greenville, Texas, county-seat of Hunt County, 51 miles northeast of Dallas. It is the tradecenter for an agricultural and stockraising region. Its industries comprise flour and cotton-seed oil mills, cotton compresses, stock-yards and machine-shops. It has good schools, and is the seat of Burleson College (Baptist). The city owns and operates the electric light plant, and has the service of three railroads. Population 8,850.
Green′way, Thomas, was born in Cornwall, England, in 1838. Settled when young in Huron County, Ontario; and was elected to the House of Commons, Ottawa, in 1875. Going to Manitoba in 1878, he was elected to the legislature in 1879, became Premier in 1888, and again was elected to the House of Commons in 1904.
Green′wich (grĕn′ĭj), a city of Kent, England, and a suburb of London, is situated on the south side of the Thames, about five miles from London Bridge. It is chiefly notable for its public buildings, first among them being Greenwich Hospital, for the maintenance of British sailors. It consists of four parts, built successively by King Charles, King William, Queen Mary and Queen Anne. Its first pensioners were received in 1705, and in 1814 they numbered 2,710. Among other institutions Greenwich has a naval museum, the Royal Hospital School, established in 1712, and the Royal observatory built by Charles II in 1675. Greenwich is the place from which geographers reckon longitude. It has a population of 185,149. See The Palace and the Hospital by A. G. L'Estrange.
Greenwich Observatory, situated in a 190-acre park in Greenwich, England, was built in 1675 for the advancement of navigation and nautical astronomy. From this observatory the exact time is telegraphed every day at one o'clock to over six hundred towns in England. It is one of the foremost observatories of the world as well as one of the oldest.
Greg′ory, the name of 16 popes.
Greg′ory I, Gregory the Great, was born at Rome about 540 A. D. He was at an early age made prætor of Rome by Emperor Justin II of Constantinople, but resigned this office and withdrew to one of the seven monasteries he had founded. “He lavished on the poor all his costly robes, his silk, his gold, his jewels, his furniture, and, not even assuming to himself the abbacy of his convent, but beginning with the lowest monastic duties, he devoted himself altogether to God.” It was while here that he one day saw some fair-haired Anglo-Saxon youths in the slave-market. When he was told they were Angles, he said: “Not Angles, but angels,” and was seized with a longing to Christianize their country. He set out, but was asked to return by Pope Benedict on account of the clamor over his departure. Pelagius II, Benedict's successor, sent Gregory to Constantinople as papal nuncio. He remained there for three years, writing his Moralia, and on his return to Rome was unanimously elected to succeed Pelagius, who had died of the plague. He was consecrated pope on Sept. 3, 590, and began an immediate reform in the organization and ritual of the Roman church, which is indebted to him for her complete ritual and chants. He also brought Britain and Spain within the pale of Christianity. He died on March 12, 604. See the Rev. J. Barmby's Fathers for English Readers.
Gregory VII, whose family name was Hildebrand, was born about 1020 at Soana in Tuscany, Italy. His youth was passed in the monastery of St. Maria at Rome, but his studies were finished in France at the monastery at Cluny. He became the chaplain of Gregory VI, and afterwards, in 1049, was made cardinal by Leo IX, exercising great influence and power under him and his successors. After the death of Alexander II he was unanimously elected and crowned pope, July 10, 1073. From the day of consecration he devoted himself to the abolition of the system of investiture, and declared that he would punish offenders. At one time he removed several bishops for this offense, but Henry IV sought to protect them, and issued an order declaring Gregory removed from office. Gregory responded by excommunicating Henry, who, forced by public clamor, was compelled to undergo a humiliating penance before the ban was removed. Thereupon, in 1080, Henry again declared Gregory deposed, and appointed Guibert, archbishop of Ravenna, pope as Clement III and took pos-
