with paint and white marble decorations. The noteworthy public buildings are the cathedral, built in 1724 in the old Spanish style, which for a century and more contained, it was said, the bones of Columbus; and the Beneficencia, which, besides being a hospital, includes an orphan asylum, a lunatic asylum and a poorhouse. The main industry is the manufacture of cigars. Sugar, cigars and tobacco are the staple products and the most important of the exports, which also include molasses, rum, wax, iron ore and honey. The chief imports are rice, flour, lard, jerked beef, codfish and coal, besides iron and steel work. Diego Velasquez originally founded Havana on the south coast in 1515, but four years later it was transferred to its present site. In the course of its unfortunate history it has been burned to the ground by buccaneers (1528); plundered in 1555 by another band; captured by a third in 1563; and by the English in 1762. In the 17th century, however, it was made the chief center of Spanish trade in the West Indies and the harbor for the Spanish gold fleets. Population 555,178.
Hav′elock, Sir Henry, one of the English heroes of the Indian mutiny, was born of Danish descent in Durham, England, April 5, 1795. He entered the army in 1815. He was ordered to India in 1823. During the voyage he met with the religious experience which colored all his after-life. Havelock distinguished himself both in the Afghan and the Sikh war, but was only a lieutenant after 23 years' service. When news came, in 1856, of the Indian mutiny, he organized a column at Allahabad, and marched to the relief of the British at Cawnpore and Lucknow. After a forced march with his 2,000 men, he reached Fattehpúr, where he broke the rebel force and, continuing his march to Cawnpore, drove the enemy before him. At the instigation of the infamous Nana Sahib, the miscreants revenged their defeats, before abandoning Cawnpore, by massacring all the defenseless women and children in their hands. Havelock now advanced upon Lucknow. Crossing the Ganges, he fought eight victorious battles, which, together with fatigue and sickness, so thinned his little army that he was obliged to retire upon Cawnpore. General Outram arriving early in September with re-enforcements, Havelock again advanced to Lucknow, and after desperate fighting relieved the beleaguered garrison. The victors were now also besieged until November, when Sir Colin Campbell (afterward Lord Clyde), in his turn, forced his way to their rescue. After the relief of Lucknow, Havelock was attacked by dysentery, and died on Nov. 24, 1857. He was a Christian hero and one of England's noblest soldiers. See Biographical Sketch by Brock and Memoir by Marshman.
Haverhill (hā′ver-ĭl), Mass., is situated at the head of navigation on the Merrimac, 33 miles north of Boston. The chief industry is the manufacture of boots and shoes, in which it is second only to Lynn and gives employment to about 6,000 men in 200 factories; there also are factories for glass, hats, iron, boot and shoe findings and factories for the cut stock. The public schools rank high, and, besides, there are parochial schools, a Brothers' school (R. C.) and Bradford Academy for young ladies, established in 1804. Noteworthy public buildings include the public library, founded in 1875. It contains 100,000 volumes, and has been generously supported by E. J. M. Hale. Hale Hospital and the Y. M. C. A. building should also be mentioned. The Whittier homestead, birthplace of the poet and scene of Snowbound, is but three miles from the heart of the city. The house and its surroundings are owned by the Whittier association, and are of great interest to all tourists. Haverhill was settled in June, 1640, under the name of Pentucket. Population 44,115.
Havre (hä′ver), a seaport on the northern shore of France, situated north of the mouth of the Seine and, next to Marseilles, the largest shipping center in France. It also is the port from which the larger part of French emigrants set sail. Down to 1516 Havre was but a fishing village, Francis I having built its harbors and fortified it. Population 136,159.
Hawaiian (hä-wī′yan) or Sandwich Islands, a small archipelago in the northern Pacific, until lately forming the kingdom of Hawaii and named Sandwich Islands by Captain Cook. They are eight in number, and form a beautiful group, running from southeast to northwest — a territory now of the United States. The capital is Honolulu (pop. over 50,000) on the southwest coast of the island of Oahu. For military purposes the islands are attached to the department of California. The Hawaiian Islands lie in the course of vessels bound from San Francisco to China, Japan, New Zealand and Australia, and afford a very convenient coaling station. They are of volcanic forma-
