Trunk Railway from 1896 to 1901, and became vice-president. He is president of the Central Vermont Railway, the Canadian Express Company, the St. Clair Tunnel Company and the International Bridge Company. He is now associated in the work of constructing another transcontinental railway, the Grand Trunk Pacific (q. v.).
Haz′ard, Miss Caroline, president of Wellesley College, was born at Peace Dale, Rhode Island, in 1856. Her education was private, and was in part received in Europe from private tutors. Prior to her election to the presidency of Wellesley in 1899, Miss Hazard was known chiefly as the author of Narragansett Ballads and The Narragansett Friends’ Meeting. She had published memoirs of J. L. Diman and of Thos. Hazard, edited the works of R. G. Hazard and written minor essays and verses. She has received the degrees of A. M. from Michigan and of Litt. D. from Brown.
Ha′zel, species of Corylus, a genus belonging to the birch family. The genus contains about seven species distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, three of which occur in the United States. The ordinary hazel, which often makes extensive thickets and produces the common wild hazelnut, is C. Americana. The beaked hazelnut (C. rostrata) is a fruit from a shrub extending from the northern part of North America south along the mountains. The third species occurs in California.
Ha′zen, William Babcock, an American soldier, was born at West Hartford, Vt., Sept. 27, 1830; and died at Washington, D. C., Jan. 16, 1887. He graduated from West Point in 1855, and entered the service against the Indians in California, Oregon and Texas. He raised the Forty-first Ohio volunteers in 1861, and took part in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth and Stone River, where, for bravery, he was made brigadier-general, and at the end of the war was breveted major-general. In December, 1880, he was appointed chief signal-officer. While acting as such, the United States became indebted to him for the present system of weather-signals.
Ha′zleton, Pa., a city in Luzerne County, in an anthracite-mining district, southwest of Wilkes-Barre and 100 miles northwest of Philadelphia. It occupies an elevated position in an attractive section of the country, on the Lehigh Valley and Pennsylvania railroads. It has trolley connection with outlying villages, that within a ten-mile radius give a population of 30,000, and a third-rail electric road establishing hourly communication with Wilkes-Barre. The chief industry of the section is coal, though the town has a number of manufactories of various kinds and has a large local trade. There are a miners' hospital and a state hospital. Several new and modern school-buildings have been erected, and plans for a public library have just been projected. Population 25,452.
Head (in plants), an inflorescence in which the flowers are brought together in a compact head-like cluster, as in the buttonbush, dandelion, sunflower etc. It is the typical flower-cluster of the great composite family. See Inflorescence.
Head′ley, Joel Tyler, an American author, was born at Walton, N. Y., Dec. 30, 1813. He graduated from Union College in 1839, studied theology at Auburn Theological Seminary, and became pastor of a church at Stockbridge, Mass. But ill-health soon compelled him to abandon pastoral work. He became well-known by such historical and popular works as Napoleon and his Marshals and Washington and his Generals. He died on Jan. 16, 1897.
Hear′ing. See Ear.
Hearst, William Randolph, was born
in San Francisco, April 29, 1863. He studied
at Harvard, but did not graduate. In
1886 he gained possession of The Examiner
of San Francisco, a paper that then was on
WILLIAM R. HEARST
the verge of failure,
and quickly made
it a financial
success and a widely
read newspaper. In
1895 he became
proprietor of The
Journal (now The
American) and The
Evening Journal, of
New York City. He
later established
The Chicago
American and The
Examiner, and now
has a chain of eight
daily newspapers
extending from the
Pacific coast to New
England. He
represented the 11th New York Congressional
district in the 58th and 59th Congresses. In 1895
he was nominated for the mayoralty of New
York, but was defeated. In 1896 he was
nominated by the Independence League for
governor of New York, and his candidacy
was endorsed by the Democratic party,
but he failed of election. Under his leadership,
in 1908, a convention of the Independence
League was held in Chicago, and
Thomas L. Hisgen was nominated as its
candidate for the presidency.
Heart, the organ that propels the blood. A pulsating organ for this purpose is found in worms, insects, the crayfish, snails and other invertebrate animals. In its simplest form it is a pulsating tube with muscular walls that contract rhythmically. In vertebrates there is considerable variation in the heart of fishes, amphibia, reptiles birds and mammals. In adult fishes the heart consists of two chambers — an auricle and a ventricle — the blood entering the first and passing into the second, from which it is pumped
